The potato evolution biodiversity and genetic resources pdf download

Conserving potato biodiversity in the andes having lost many of their traditional potato varieties, peruvian farmers in the andes are now taking measures. Generally, potato genetic resources are preserved in ex situ gene banks around the world mostly as field collections. The potato, evolution, biodiversity and genetic resources london. The origin and evolution of sweet potato ipomoea batatas lam. Exploration, maintenance and utilization of sweet potato genetic resources, in. Genome diversity of tuberbearing solanum uncovers complex. Allopolyploid speciation of the mexican tetraploid potato species solanum stoloniferum and s. Genome assembly of polyploid plant genomes is a laborious task as they contain more than two copies of the genome, are often highly heterozygous with a high level of repetitive dna. Vavilov institute of plant industry, bolshaya morskaya street, 4244, st.

Professor hawkes definitive botany of the tuberbearing solanum species, last revised in 1963, has been expanded, completely rewritten and updated to take into account recent advances in potato taxonomy. In 2001, the fao adopted the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture itpgrfa, see chapter 8. Potato is the first sequenced genome of an asterid, a clade within eudicots that encompasses nearly 70,000 species characterized by unique morphological, developmental and compositional features 8. This volume is the second in the series on higher plants, otherwise termed phanerogam or spermatophyte. Bamberg2 abstract the major potato of commerce, solanum tuberosuml. Potato and biodiversity international year of the potato. Genetics, genomics and breeding of potato 1st edition. The potato is a root vegetable native to the americas, a starchy tuber of the plant solanum tuberosum, and the plant itself, a perennial in the family solanaceae wild potato species, originating in modern day peru, can be found throughout the americas, from the united states to southern chile. Cloning of lrr domain of this gene family from potato accessions. Solanum tuberosum group phureja is a cultivargroup of diploid potato plants originating from the andean valleys in south america. Genetic diversity and value of primitive cultivars and wild species in potato breeding.

Pcr was performed in 16 potato accessionsgenotypes, including 9 wild accessions s. Galina pendinen, a tatjana gavrilenko, a jiming jiang, b david m. Internationally the use of genetic resources is guided by the nagoya protocol which entered into force in finland on the first of september 2016. In the case of france, the catalogue officiel des varietes et des especes official catalogue of varieties and species was created in 1932. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of. This book brings together an array of useful, researchbased information on areas ranging from potatos nutritional contribution to genetics and genetic resources to value chains. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant genetic. Introductory chapters cover the history of the species, their breeding and genetics, cytology and evolution, econology and geographical distribution and a detailed taxonomic listing. From all sources of living organisms, the conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture pgrfa.

The basic aims of plant breeding are to improve crop varieties in terms of yield, quality, adaptability to climate change and biotic living and abiotic nonliving stress factors in the ecosystem. Cab direct platform is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health. The group differs from other potato cultivargroups by the absence of dormant tubers. Pdf diversity of potato genetic resources researchgate.

Potato has many wild relatives and primitive cultivars and these genetic resources have proven to be valuable in breeding programs in addition to disease resistance, environmental tolerance, and other agronomic traits and processing qualities of interests bamberg and del rio 2005, barker 1996, dhoop et al. Plant genetic resources an overview sciencedirect topics. In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living organisms in a natural state in the habitat where they naturally occur. Discriminant analysis of principal components and pedigree. A concurrent series volume 2a, 2b and so on cover the lower groups, represented by.

The origin and evolution of sweet potato ipomoea batatas. Determination of the type of polyploidy and development of the genome concept for members of section petota traditionally has been based on the analysis of chromosome pairing in species and their hybrids and, most recently. It comprehensively describes genetics and genetic resources, plant growth and development, response to the environment, tuber quality, pests and diseases, biotechnology and crop management. As climate change and urbanization place additional pressure on the land, cip is redoubling its commitment to the safety and utilization of the crop collections in its care. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. Collaboration between potato researchers and gene bank curators promotes the effective use of the genetic resources. It is the result of a complex set of genetic resources that we can distinguish with largescale genomic data, said pease, who joined the u. Identification of the potato cultivars based on phenotypic characteristics, which is hardly identifiable, timeconsuming, and environmentdependent, results in a high risk of misclassification 4.

Cips genebank is its single greatest physical asset. Problems of taxonomy and nomenclature in cultivated plants. Traditionally, this definition focused on crop plants and their wild relatives, but it is increasingly considered that all plant species are a potential resource for humanity. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. December 23, 2019 few people are aware that the potato is the third most. A longterm goal is to reestablish all the worlds 4 000 known potato varieties in the valley, allowing the park to function as a second centre of origin for this vital staple crop.

Centres of origin biodiversity and its significance. The 15 000 ha park is a living library of potato genetic diversity, holding some 1 200 varieties of potato cultivated in the highlands. Plant genetic resources have been defined as the genetic material of plants, which is of value as a resource for present and future generations of people. Tomato genetics study sheds light on plant evolution. Potato taxonomy is quite complex because of introgression, interspecific hybridization, auto and allopolyploidy, sexual compatibility among many species, a mixture of sexual and asexual reproduction, possible recent species divergence, phenotypic plasticity, and the consequent high morphological similarity among species. This department is focused on understanding the effects of global. When comparing wild and cultivatedspecific subfamilies, the wildspecific had higher nucleotide diversity 0. Huaman and others published conservation of potato genetic resources at cip. Topics include nutritional quality, yield, disease and insect resistance, processing, plant growth and development, and other aspects. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated by indigenous peoples of the americas. Since 1992, the cgrfa has been working on a draft code of conduct on biotechnology as it relates to genetic resources for food and agriculture. Allopolyploid speciation of the mexican tetraploid potato.

University of birmingham, po box 363, birmingham b15 2tt united kingdom. Degenerate primers were designed on conserved sites at the edges of the lrr regions in order to gain comprehensive lrr domain sequence information additional file 1. Pdf 8493 k pdf plus 912 k genetic identity in genebanks. A species or a population sample of a particular part of its genetic variation can be maintained through in situ or ex situ conservation. Fortunately, the potato has many primitive cultivars and wild species relatives useful to. Polygenes are believed to underlie quantitative resistance. December 23, 2019 few people are aware that the potato is the third most important global crop in terms of human consumption. Jul 07, 2018 pdf 8493 k pdf plus 912 k genetic identity in genebanks. Potato biology is the most valuable reference available for all professionals involved in the potato industry, plant biologists and agronomists. Despite its importance, potato genetic diversity at the wholegenome level remains largely unexplored. The legislation related to the protocol is applied to the genetic resources of plants, animals nad microbes whenever they. Worldwide, potato is the third most important crop grown for direct human consumption, but breeders have struggled to produce new varieties that outperform those released over a century ago, as evidenced by the most widely grown north american cultivar russet burbank released in 1876. Several molecular marker techniques have been utilized for different potato genetic resources.

Archaeological evidence suggests that people were consuming potatoes in the andes as early as,000 years ago. Biodiversityscience for humans and nature 8 origin and evolution of biodiversity the diversity department addresses the need to compare evolutionary and ecological processes evolutionary ecology to gain insight into mechanisms underlying biodiversity dynamics. Pdf conservation of potato genetic resources at cip. Dna sequences associated with cenh3 nucleosomes in s.

Conservation and utilization of sweet potato genetic. The genetic variation that is obtained from the biodiversity within plants genetic resources helps address many problems in plant breeding. Dec 23, 2019 this book brings together an array of useful, researchbased information on areas ranging from potatos nutritional contribution to genetics and genetic resources to value chains. There are descriptions of over 220 species of wild and cultivated potato, which give full details of taxonomy, characteristics and range. New book to guide potato research and development potatopro. Frontiers levels of intraspecific aflp diversity in. Origins and conservation of potato genetic diversity. During 199495, a draft concept paper on collaboration for the conservation of sweetpotato biodiversity in asia. C 14 calibrated date also, remains of 20 potato tubers, both white and sweet potato, dating between 2000 and 1200 b. Genetic erosion in agricultural biodiversity genetic erosion in agricultural biodiversity is the loss of genetic diversity, including the loss of individual genes, and the loss of particular combinations of genes or gene complexes such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces or breeds. The reported narrow genetic base of cultivated potato solanum tuberosum can be expanded by the introgression of many related species with large genetic diversity. Austin, the taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity of sweet potatoes and related wild species, in.

Metrics details download to read the full article text. Dnabased marker analysis of plant genebank material has become a useful tool in the evaluation of levels of genetic diversity and for the informed use and maintenance of germplasm. Privatisation of genetic resources found in seeds has been deepened because of new seeds legislation in many countries that has led to the prohibition of traditional ways of exchanging seeds. Strategies to prevent rapid evolution of compatible races have been.

In the tres ventanas cave in the peruvian highlands, several root remains, including s. Primitive forms of cultivated potato and their wild relatives provide a rich, unique. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genomes revealed that s. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant.

Application of next generation sequencing ngs technologies would accelerate germplasm management, the evaluation of genetic diversity in situ and ex situ, and conservation planning of potato genetic resources. The legislation related to the protocol is applied to the genetic resources of plants, animals nad microbes whenever they are obtained for research and development purposes. Proceedings of the first planning conference, lima, peru, international potato center cip, 1987, pp. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato nature. Assessment of the genetic diversity among potato cultivars. Genome assembly of six polyploid potato genomes scientific data. Mar 01, 2015 potato has many wild relatives and primitive cultivars and these genetic resources have proven to be valuable in breeding programs in addition to disease resistance, environmental tolerance, and other agronomic traits and processing qualities of interests bamberg and del rio 2005, barker 1996, dhoop et al. This means that the tuber immediately begins to grow once it is formed, without a resting period. The basic aims of plant breeding are to improve crop varieties in terms of yield, quality, adaptability to climate change and biotic living and abiotic nonliving stress factors in. The value of germplasm is determined by its genetic diversity, availability, and utility. The inherent genetic complexity of potato has made breed ing timeconsuming and often with unpredictable results. David ellis, a oswaldo chavez, a joseph coombs, b julian soto, a rene gomez, a david douches, b ana panta, a rocio silvestre, a noelle l.

The next step in the evolution of potato breeding may be to return to the diploid level and implement an inbred line based strategy. Seed, crop protection and plant biotechnology industries rely heavily on genetic resources. The analysis of the genetic structure of a potato population is important to broaden the genetic base of breeding programs by the identification of different genetic pools. The earlier volume, 1a, covered several taxa of phanerogams and one of bryophyte. In this study, we quantify levels of amplified fragment length polymorphism aflp in representative accessions of wild and cultivated potato species of differing geographic origin, ploidy, and breeding system. Boombust turnovers of megabasesized centromeric dna in. A dialogue between the international centre for potato cip and the international plant genetic resources institute ipgri on enhancing collaboration among the sweetpotato workers in asia was initiated at the end of 1993. In situ conservation of wild potato germplasm in argentina. Conservation and utilization of sweet potato genetic diversity in asia proceedings of second asian network for sweet potato genetic resources. Mar 11, 2020 genome assembly of polyploid plant genomes is a laborious task as they contain more than two copies of the genome, are often highly heterozygous with a high level of repetitive dna. In this sense, potato stands out among all other crops bamberg and del rio 2005.